Extreme Cold Can Cause Heart Attacks

MADISON, Wis. (CIVIC MEDIA) – Signs and symptoms to look out for as the extreme cold can cause a range of health issues and make some heart conditions worse.

As temperatures drop, the risk of heart-related health issues, particularly heart attacks, rises significantly. Research has highlighted the connection between cold weather and cardiovascular events, raising concern for individuals in colder climates or facing sudden temperature changes.

Dr. Daniel Krause is an Aspirus Heart Care cardiologist. “Cold weather increases the risks of heart attacks for many reasons. Number 1 it does cause significant narrowing or constriction of the arteries that we call vaso-constriction and so less blood flow gets to the heart and other tissues making people who are at risk for any kind of heart attack more at risk of suffering symptoms.”

The added strain on the heart can be especially dangerous for people with preexisting heart conditions or those at risk of cardiovascular disease.

“My takeaway is to prepare. You know, if you do have to be out, try and dress warm and it’s not the time to push yourself. So listen to your body. If you become short of breath or have chest pain, kind of decrease your activity. If those symptoms persist, then you need to get out of the cold. Rest, relax. If those symptoms don’t go away in 5-10 minutes, then you need to be evaluated further.”

Why Cold Weather Increases Risk

Cold weather impacts the cardiovascular system in several ways:

• Vasoconstriction: The narrowing of blood vessels increases blood pressure, forcing the heart to work harder.
• Increased Blood Clotting: Cold temperatures can cause blood to thicken, which may elevate the risk of clot formation.
• Elevated Heart Rate: Activities like shoveling snow or outdoor exercise can strain the heart, especially for those unaccustomed to such exertion.
• Decreased Oxygen Supply: Cold air can irritate the lungs, reducing oxygen levels and increasing cardiac strain.

Who Is Most at Risk?

Certain groups are more vulnerable to cold-weather-related heart issues, including:

• Older adults
• Individuals with existing cardiovascular disease
• Smokers
• Those with high blood pressure or diabetes
• People engaging in sudden, strenuous outdoor activities

Recognizing the Warning Signs

Recognizing the signs of a heart attack is crucial. Symptoms to watch for include:

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Pain radiating to the arm, neck, or jaw
• Cold sweats or lightheadedness

“If you or someone you’re with experiences these symptoms, call 911 immediately,” Dr. Krause emphasized. “Quick action can save lives.”